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NATURAL WATER is a compound consisting of pure water (H2O) and other necessary and essential substances for the organism but a high concentration of these substances could lead some problems during water use for human consumption.
The continuous deterioration of water quality as a result of environmental degradation and scarcity, it makes inevitable techniques improve water purification to regulate water health parameters that are set in relevant legislation and therefore allow us to a better and efficient use of the water.
Most common problems or pollutants in natural water are:
- Turbidity. Lack of transparency of the water due to suspended insoluble particles, sand, clay and organic matter. Subsequent to the aesthetics of water and its salubrity because of possible presence of pathogens.
- Dissolved salts. Type chloride, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, etc. Its presence is due to geological structure of the basin from origin or pollution from domestic, industrial or agricultural water. At high concentration, depending on the type of salts, can cause taste (alkaline or salty), scales and corrosion in pipes and appliances (primarily calcium carbonate and chloride) and adverse health effects.
- Heavy metals. Type mercury, arsenic, lead, etc. Are natural compounds from Earth´s crust which can be hazardous and cause various diseases. Heavy metals can enter at water from industrial or household waste water.
- Iron and Manganese. Exceptional case of dissolved substances. Mainly present in groundwater. Imparts a reddish color and a metallic taste to water, causing spots in installations and clothes, as well as scales in pipes and appliances.
- Pesticides. Impart a chemicals taste or smell to water (can be toxic) and its presence is due to the infiltration of soluble fertilizers and disinfection products used in agriculture.
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Solutions